🐴Equine Alert

Understanding EHV-1 Outbreaks: What Every Horse Owner Should Know

Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is one of the most significant viral threats facing horse owners today. Understanding this disease is crucial for protecting your horses and preventing outbreaks at your facility.

What is EHV-1?

EHV-1 is a highly contagious virus that affects horses worldwide. It can cause respiratory disease, abortion in pregnant mares, neonatal death, and in some cases, a neurological form known as Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM).

The neurological form is particularly concerning because it can cause:

  • Incoordination (ataxia)
  • Hind limb weakness
  • Bladder dysfunction
  • In severe cases, paralysis

How Does EHV-1 Spread?

The virus spreads through:

  • Direct contact - Nose-to-nose contact between horses
  • Respiratory droplets - Coughing and snorting can spread the virus up to 35 feet
  • Contaminated equipment - Shared water buckets, tack, and grooming tools
  • Human transmission - Handlers can carry the virus on their hands and clothing

Recognizing the Signs

Early detection is critical. Watch for these symptoms:

  • Fever (temperature above 101.5°F)
  • Nasal discharge
  • Lethargy and loss of appetite
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Neurological signs (stumbling, leaning, inability to stand)
Important: If you notice any neurological signs, contact your veterinarian immediately. Time is critical with EHM.

Prevention and Biosecurity

Protecting your horses requires a multi-layered approach:

Vaccination

While no vaccine provides complete protection against EHM, regular vaccination can reduce viral shedding and disease severity. Consult with your veterinarian about an appropriate vaccination schedule.

Quarantine Protocols

  • Isolate new horses for 21-28 days before introducing them to your herd
  • Monitor temperatures twice daily during quarantine
  • Use separate equipment for quarantined horses

At Events and Shows

  • Avoid sharing water buckets and equipment
  • Minimize nose-to-nose contact with unfamiliar horses
  • Wash hands frequently
  • Consider bringing your own water from home

What to Do During an Outbreak

If EHV-1 is confirmed in your area:

  • Monitor temperatures - Take temperatures twice daily and record them
  • Restrict movement - Avoid traveling to shows or events
  • Implement strict biosecurity - Dedicate clothing and footwear for the barn
  • Contact your veterinarian - They can advise on specific precautions for your situation

Stay Informed

Staying up-to-date on disease outbreaks in your area is one of the best ways to protect your horses. Use resources like Equine Alert to monitor EHV-1 and other disease activity across the country.

Remember: Early detection and quick action are your best defenses against EHV-1. When in doubt, isolate and call your vet.